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时态(tense)是标明行为、动作和状况在各种时刻条件下的动词方法。因而,当咱们说时态规划的时分,指的是相应时态下的动词方法。
英语时态分为16种:一般如今、一般曩昔、一般将来、曩昔将来时,以及这四者的进行时、结束时和结束进行时。
下面是16种时态的谓语动词方法和具体用法,高考必考的是前十个时态,同学们需要要点掌控。
1.一般如今时 (do/does; is/am/are)
标明如今的情况、状况或特征。
例:he is a student.
他是一个学生。
标明常常性、习气性动作。
例:he always helps others.
他老是协助别人。
客观实际和广泛真理。
例:the earth moves the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
标明一个按规则、方案或组织要发生的动作。
仅限于某些标明“来、去、动 、停、初步、结束、持续”等的动词,可以与标明将来时刻的状语分配运用 。
常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、轿车等守时定点运转的交通方法。
例:the next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
下一趟火车今日下午3点开车。
在时刻、条件和让步状语从句中常常用一般如今(有时也用如今结束时)标明将的来作业。(即:主将从现原则)
例:i will call you as soon as i arrive at the airport.
我一到机场就会给你打电话。
when you have finished the report, i will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你结束这份陈述的时分,我就现已等了将近3个小时了。
2. 如今进行时(am/is/are doing)
标明此时此时正在发生的作业。
例:he is listning to the music now.
他如今正在听音乐。
标明当前一段时刻内一向在做的作业,但不必定此时此时正在做。
例:i am studying computer this term.
这个学期我一向在学习核算机。
如今进行时可以标明将来的意义。
瞬时动词的进行必定表将来。
例:i am leaving.
我要脱离了。
持续动词的进行只需有将来的时刻状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例:i am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
如今进行时与频度副词连用,标明说话者或褒义或贬义的豪情颜色。
例:he is always helping others.
他老是协助别人。(褒义)
3. 如今结束时(have/has done)
标明动作到如今中止现已结束或刚刚结束,偏重对如今发生的影响。
例:i bought a new house, but i haven’t sold my old one yet, so at the moment i have two houses.
我买了一所新房子,可是还没有卖掉旧的,所以如今我又两所房子。
标明从曩昔某时刻初步,持续到如今的动作或情况,而且有可以会持续连续下去。此时常常用连续性动词。
时刻状语常用since加一个曩昔的时刻点,或for加一段时刻,或by加一个如今时刻。
例:great as newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
尽管牛顿是个巨大的人物,但他的许多见地直到今日还在遭到应战,而且被现代科学家的作业所批改
4. 如今结束进行时(have/has been doing)
标明某一动作初步于曩昔某一时刻,连续或重复地呈现至今,或将持续连续至将来。
例:we have been working on this project for over a month now.
到当前中止,咱们一向在处置那个项目,现已花了一个多月时刻了。
5. 一般曩昔时 (did; was/were)
标明曩昔某个时刻发生的动作或情况。
例:i bought some fruits yesterday.
我昨日买了一些生果。
标明曩昔习气性动作。
例:when i was a boy,i often swam in that river.
would/used to do:标明曩昔常常……
例:the old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
老人曩昔常常坐在恬静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,啥也不干,也不好任何人攀谈。
he used to visit his mother once a week.
他早年迈是每周看望一次他的母亲。
6. 曩昔结束时(had done)
标明在曩昔的某个时刻或动作早年现已发生的动作或现已存在的状况。就是咱们常说的”曩昔的曩昔”。
until then, his family hadn’t heard from him for six months.
到那时中止,他家里现已有六个月没得到他的消息了。
7. 曩昔将来时(would do)
标明从曩昔的某个时刻看即将发生的事。
例:i said on thursday i should see my friend the next day.
我周四说我将于第二天造访我的兄弟。
8. 曩昔进行时(was/ were doing)
标明在曩昔具体的时刻正在发生的动作。
例:mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.
10分钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐。
标明曩昔某个时刻段内一向在发生的作业。
例:i was travelling in london last summer vacation.
上一年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
曩昔进行时可以标明曩昔将来的意义。
瞬时动词的曩昔进行时必定标明曩昔将来的意义。
例:then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要脱离了。
持续动词的曩昔进行时只需在有曩昔将来的时刻状语或曩昔将来的语境下才干标明曩昔将来。
例:she said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
曩昔进行时和频度副词连用可以标明说话者或褒义或贬义的豪情颜色。
9. 一般将来时
(1)will do
标明主语片面自愿的将来。
例
:i will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
我将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。
标明客观将来。
例:fish will die without water.
脱离水,鱼会死。
标明暂时抉择。
例:——mary has been ill for a week.
——oh,i didn’t know. i will go and see her.
(2)am/is/are going to do
标明方案、方案做某事。
例:this is just what i am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
标明根据某种痕迹看,很可以或即将发生的作业,表估测。
例:look at the dark clouds in the sky. it’s going to rain.
看天上的乌云,要下雨了。
(3)am/is/are about to do
标明“即将、正要”时,可用。偏重近期内或马上要做的事。
例:don’t worry, i am about to make a close examination on you.
别忧虑,我马上就给你做一次细心的查看。
(4)be to do
标明“按方案、组织即将发生某事或方案做某事”。
例:she is to be seen in the lab on monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
该做或不该做的作业(口气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),标明一种指令、奉劝性口气。
例:you are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们,你们有必要 上床睡觉,禁绝吵嚷。咱们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
10. 将来进行时(will be doing)
偏重在将来的某个具体时刻正在发生的动作或作业。
例:don’t worry, you won’t miss her. she will be wearing a red t-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
别忧虑,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件赤色的t恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
11. 将来结束时(will have done)
标明从将来的某一时刻初步、连续到另一个将来时刻的动作或状况,或是在某个将来时刻结束,但对这今后的另一个将来时刻有影响的动作或状况。就好象把如今结束时平移到时刻轴的将来不时段相同。
例:the conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.
会议从初步到结束将持续整整一个星期。
12.将来结束进行时:(will
have been doing)
例:by the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.
到下个月底中止,这项工程就现已不断地进行了3年了。
13.曩昔结束进行时:had been doing
例:the old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before i came back home.
我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子现已把这个旧挂钟拆开侧从头拼装了好几回了。
14.曩昔将来进行时:( would be doing )
例:the government promised that a new highway would be being built next july.
政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在建筑。
15.曩昔将来结束时:(would have done)
例:i believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but i was wrong.
我深信到那年年末中止,那个软件的新版别将被开宣告来。可是我错了。
16.曩昔将来结束进行时:(would have been doing)
例:they said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.
他们说到第二个月底中止,这项工程就现已不断地进行了3年了。
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